In the field of cooling for large-scale power generation units, hollow conductors serve as core components. They are used in the stator and rotor windings of dual-water-cooled and evaporatively cooled generators to facilitate direct internal cooling. Such products have been utilized in major energy projects, including the Three Gorges Hydropower Station and several nuclear power plants, such as those in Yangjiang, Fuqing, and Hongyanhe.
In the realm of high-frequency and microwave transmission, the "skin effect"-whereby current at high or microwave frequencies concentrates primarily on the surface of a conductor-allows for the use of hollow copper tubes. These serve as conductors that reduce weight, conserve materials, and minimize signal attenuation. Specific applications include antenna feeder systems for 5G base stations, waveguides, and high-frequency transmission lines.
In the sector of emerging electric motors and drive systems-such as those used in electric vehicles-the "hollow conductor + direct cooling" approach (e.g., the Hyperdrives solution) enables a cooling medium to flow directly through the interior of the conductors to extract heat. This technology significantly lowers winding temperatures; in testing, it reduced the peak temperature of copper windings from 120.3°C to 77.1°C.
